Technology and Machinery

Selection of Product Process:

            Once the product is finalized then the important step is to choose process technology, one may go for indigenous process technology or for an imported process technology. Lots of appropriate technology is being developed by CSIR indigenously. The Defense Research Labs also develops many process technologies, such technologies can be bought by paying them the royalty, and indigenously developed process know-how has intrinsic advantages of appropriateness and relative inexpensiveness.

            The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) is the premier Industrial Research & Development organization in India. It was constituted in 1942. There are 37 research labs under CSIR. These are as follows.

Sr. No.	Name
01	Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee
02	Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
03	Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
04	Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi
05	Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani
06	Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad
07	Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore
08	Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata
09	Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai
10	Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow
11	Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur
12	Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi
13	Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO), Chandigarh
14	Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Bhavnagar
15	Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi
16	Institute of Himalayan Bioresources Technology (IHBT), Palampur
17	Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata
18	Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad
19	Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun
20	Indian Institute of Microbial Technology (IIMTECH), Chandigarh
21	Industrial Toxicology Research Center (ITRC), Lucknow
22	National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore
23	National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow
24	National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune
25	National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur
26	National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad
27	National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa
28	National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi
29	National Institute of Sci. & Tech. & Development Studies (NISTADS), New Delhi
30	National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur
31	National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi
32	Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal
33	Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology (IIMT), Bhubaneswar
34	North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat
35	Indian Institute of Integrative, Medicine (IIIM), Jammu
36	National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
37	Structural Engineering Research Center (SERC), Chennai

CHEMICALS

Ø  Developed technologies for a host of bulk as well as fine chemicals with emphasis on developing green technologies.

Labs	Core Competence
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune	Inorganic, organic chemicals, agrochemicals, bio-organic/bio-mimetic chemistry, chemical engineering science, complex fluids and polymer engineering, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, industrial flow modeling, materials chemistry, nano-materials
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad	Natural products chemistry, inorganic and physical chemistry, chemical and instrumental analysis, fluoro-organics, specialty and fine chemicals, agrochemicals and lubricants.
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun	Petrochemical processes and products
Central salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar	inorganic chemicals, catalysis and new materials, membrane science and separation technology, bio-salinity and marine chemicals
Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai	Chemical for the Leather Industry
Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad	Coal-based chemicals and allied fields
Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi	Electrochemical (organic and inorganic), coatings, particularly for corrosion control
Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat	Agrochemicals, perfumery chemicals, extraction of plant products and oilfield chemicals

     

Technology Development

I)                   Technology is developed on laboratory scale

II)                Setting up of Pilot Plant for scaling up of technology from laboratory scale.

III)              Further scaling up of technology from Pilot Plant to undertake product on commercial basis.

Role of R & D laboratories

1)     Providing the process know-how allied service

2)     Design engineering and commissioning assistance

HEALTHCARE, DRUGS & PHARMACEUTICALS

Labs	Areas of Core Competence
Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow	Drug discovery to development, synthetic/natural product chemistry, combinatorial chemical synthesis etc
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata	Synthetic/natural products/medicinal chemistry, infectious diseases, cellular physiology, drug designing, molecular biology, biotechnology, etc.
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad	Synthetic and natural products chemistry, chemical/process engineering, combinatorial/medical chemistry, computer-aided modeling and drug design etc.
Indian Institute of Microbial  Technology (IIMTECH), Chandigarh	Molecular and cell biology, microbial genetics, immunology, structural biology, protein engineering, fermentation technology etc.
Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi	Genomics & Molecular Medicine, Predictive medicine, Genome Informatics (In-silico biology), Bio-informatics, etc.
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Jammu	Agro technology, synthetic (Chiral) and natural product chemistry, herbal drugs, select biological screening, microbial biodiversity for industrially useful enzymes,.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow	Agro technology of economically important herbs, process technology for phytochemicals, herbal drugs, etc.
Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad	Advanced molecular and cell biology, biotechnology, sperm-associated proteins/fertility-potential of sperm, DNA-fingerprinting etc.
National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune	Synthetic chemistry, tissue culture, biotechnology, industrial microbiology, chemical/process engineering,

MATERIALS

Labs	Areas of Core Competence
National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune	Heterogeneous, homogeneous and bio catalysts, polymers, composites, coatings, new materials, e.g. nanomaterials and smart polymers
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad	Adhesives, biodegradable polymers, conducting polymers, catalysts, solder resistant and rain erosion resistant coatings
National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur	Material characterization and evaluation, magnetic materials, sensor materials advanced structural ceramics, bio-ceramics
Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata	Glass science, glass technology, specialty glass processing, optical communication fibers, anti-reflective and anti-glare coatings, nano composite films, nano ceramic powders,
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi	Materials science & materials characterization, processing and characterization of monolithic and composite materials, advanced carbon products
National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore	Composites and coatings
Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi	Corrosion resistant coatings, Luminescent materials, organic conducting polymers and novel oxide materials, photovoltaic materials for solid and liquid junction solar cells, supersonic conductors

SERVICE OFFERED BY NCL

Ø  Contract Research – Business driven Research & Development Objectives with clearly defined outputs. Results in products, process, knowledge and generation of intellectual property.

Ø  Consultancy – Professional advice rendered to the client based on the knowledge base available with laboratory.

Ø  Technical Service – Testing and analysis using existing equipments and short term R & D Projects.

These service results in

1)     Solution to the existing problems in operations

2)     Development of new processes

3)     New Product development

4)     Generation of basic knowledge

5)     Strategic technology road maps

PROCEDURE FOR AVAILING SERVICE

Any company, whether Indian or foreign, undergoes the following steps before formalizing a research contract with NCL. These steps are detailed below:

1)     Initial discussion and understanding competencies of NCL

2)     Secrecy agreement for information exchange

3)     Industry visits and definition of problem, work proposals and finalization of deliverables

4)     Choice of agreement by client

a)     Partnership or umbrella agreement for building of extended  relationships and seamless working between the signatories

b)     Contract research/consultancy agreement

COSTING

Costing of any externally funded project is done as follows:

1)     NCL estimates the total man-days/man-years involved in a project and computes the total cost based on NCL’s Full Time Equivalent (FTE) rates.

2)     NCL’s FTE rates are fully loaded and are inclusive of one man year of a PhD scientist with post-doctoral qualifications, support staff involved in the project, organizational overheads, utilities, equipment usage, analytical facilities and a fee component.

3)     The cost of any new equipment or expensive raw materials to be procured is in addition to the above and is separately itemized in the fee.

4)     In case of long term association, NCL dedicates a project team exclusively for the client, in which case NCL looks for a committed and guaranteed funding for a certain period of time.

NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION, NEW DELHI

PORTFOLIO OF ACTIVITIES

Commercial

·        Commercialization of laboratory know-how

·        License indigenous technologies to industry both in India and abroad

·        Provide Technology Development Loans for setting up pilot plants to prove/scale-up laboratory processes.

·        Participate in equity to facilitate formation of new ventures using indigenous technologies

·        Development technologies in priority areas

·        Design and engineer laboratory processes to commercial scale

·        Provide techno-commercial financial support to entrepreneurs commercializing NRDC technologies

·        Execute turkey projects abroad based on indigenous technologies licensing of foreign know-how to Indian clients

·        Assist expert marketing of products of licensee companies

Promotional

Promotional and commercialization of Inventions

·        Award meritorious inventions

·        Arrange complimentary finance for further development through venture capital fund, PATSER, TIFAC, TDB, etc.

·        Provide assistance for patenting inventive ideas of R & D organizations & universities.

DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF RURAL TECHNOLOGY

·        Identify, prove and demonstrate selected rural technologies

·        Assist in commercialization of selected rural technologies

EXPORT OF TECHNOLOGY

·        Project India as a source of technology

·        Assist inventors, R & D institutes and industry to patent their new products abroad

DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION ON TECHNOLOGY AND ITS TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY

·        Provide information on indigenous and foreign technologies

·        Organize training programs for technology development and transfer

·        Hold exhibitions, publish periodicals, arrange audio-visuals to popularizes indigenous technologies

NRDC IS YOUR WINDOW TO:

·        Information on the latest technologies developed around the world and particularly in India.

·        An objective assessment of the commercial potential of inventions.

·        National and international patenting on cost plus 20% service charge basis

·        Identification of potential manufacturers.

·        Negotiation of licensing agreements

·        Legal back-up for royalty collection

·        A share in the license income and other unexpected gains.

·        Consultancy to firms, R & D Institute, etc for IPR

·        Global Patent Search on cost plus 20% service charge basis.

·        Awarding meritorious inventions up to Rs. 1 lakh (tax free)

SOURCE OF TECHNOLOGY

National R & D organization:

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO)

Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR)

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

R & D institutions and laboratories under the various Ministries and Department of the Govt. of India:

Akashvani & Doordarshan R & D Department

Research Designs & Standards Organization of the Indian Railways

Central Power Research Institute (CPRI)

Indian Plasma Research Institute

Central Silk Board

Central Manufacturing Technology Institute

Industry Association Research institutions:

Ahmadabad Textile Industry’s Research Association (ATIRA), Ahmadabad

Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), Mumbai

South Indian Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore

Indian Plywood Industry’s Research Institute (IPIRI), Bangalore

ACADEMY INSTITUTIONS:

Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)

Indian Institute of Science (IISc)

All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS)

Public sector organizations:

Indian Telephone Industries Ltd.

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd.

Privately-owned research institutions/organization:

Shriram Institute for Industrial Research,

DCM Limited

Atomic Vacuum Company

Varanasi Glucose Company

Individual Inventors

NRDC also acts on behalf of large corporations who develop technologies in their R & D laboratories, but choose to license them out for commercialization.

NRDC has information on over 5000 Indian technologies and 2000 foreign ones from Israel, China, Russia, Holland, South Korea, Japan, and other countries which Indian industries can make use of.

            Apart from this one may visit the State/National/International level Exhibitions such as IMTEX in Mumbai, Plastro, Constro, Kisan at Pune, and Exhibitions at Pragati Maidan at New Delhi. For the selection of technology & machinery,

            In case of some high tech/complex products, process knowhow can be imported, Compare to India some countries like Korea, Japan, Germany are known for excellent process technologies. In this cases agreement for technology transfer should be made with due care to safeguard interest.

            One may contact foreign chamber of commerce like Formaper at Milan, WIFI at Austria, then the World Trade Centre for the information about foreign/imported technologies & machinery.

            While checking out on a process technology, one has to consider following things with utmost care.

·        Can the process be accomplished with unskilled/semi skilled worker or with simple machines?

·        Whether the process requires highly skilled workers or high-tech machines?

·        Whether the process requires small or large quantities of water/power?

·        Is it necessary to avail the patent for the process or for the product?

·        What are the statutory, regulatory or legal or pollution or environment requirements?

·        Is the machinery and equipment are appropriate to the Indian environment and conditions.

Old, outdated product, production and management methods verses new, modern product production and management methods. This shift from old, outdated to new, modern is the management of MSME for improvement of efficiency and effectiveness. Lack of funds, lack of risk taking, and lack of information is some of the reasons why MSME do not go for new, modern product process.

Here are some of the corporations which are at your door step to support you in this regards.

·        National Small Industries Corporations. (NSIC).

·        Venture Capital Schemes (VCS).